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The Role of Fire Pumps in Malaysian
Fire Protection Systems
Ever wondered how buildings stay protected? Fire pumps are critical components of Malaysia's fire protection systems, ensuring a reliable water supply to sprinkler systems during emergencies.
What are Fire Pumps and How They Work in a Fire Sprinkler System
In Malaysia, fire pumps are essential components of fire protection systems, particularly in sprinkler installations. They ensure a reliable and pressurized water supply to effectively combat fires. Fire pumps used for sprinkler systems are usually connected to water tanks made from hot-dip galvanized (HDG) steel or reinforced concrete (RC), which are commonly used in local buildings. These pumps are typically installed in special fire pump rooms, which are designed for safety, easy access, and protection from fire, as required by local fire regulations.
Types of Fire Pumps that are Used in Malaysian System
1. Horizontal Centrifugal Pumps
Horizontal centrifugal fire pumps are essential components in Malaysia's fire protection infrastructure, ensuring consistent water pressure and flow during emergencies. These pumps operate on the principle of centrifugal force, where a rotating impeller imparts kinetic energy to water, converting it into pressure energy to move water through the system.
How a Horizontal Centrifugal Pump Operates
A horizontal centrifugal pump functions by converting mechanical energy from a motor into kinetic energy, which is then transformed into pressure energy to move water through a piping system.
1. Water Entry: Water enters the pump through the suction inlet.
2. Impeller Rotation: The impeller, powered by a motor, rotates at high speed. Electrical motor converts electrical energy into mechanical energy to move the water. Its curved blades impart kinetic energy to the water, causing it to accelerate radially outward.
3. Energy Conversion: The centrifugal force increases the fluid velocity, called kinetic energy. Upon entering the volute casing, a spiral-shaped chamber, the water's velocity decreases, and its kinetic energy is converted into pressure energy.
4. Discharge: Pressurized water exits through the discharge outlet, supplying fire suppression systems like sprinklers and hydrants.
Think of it like a merry-go-round, when it spins, things get pushed outward!
Source: https://ar.inspiredpencil.com/pictures-2023/horizontal-centrifugal-pump-diagram
Advantages of Horizontal Centrifugal Fire Pump
- Reliability: Proven performance in critical applications.
- Efficiency: Effective energy use for high flow rates.
- Maintainability: Designs like split-case allow easy access for servicing.
- Standards Compliance: Align with Malaysian and international fire safety standards.
Applications
- Commercial and Residential Buildings
- Industrial Facilities
- Oil and Gas Industry
- Power Plants
- Mining Operations
2. Vertical Centrifugal Pump
In Malaysia, a vertical centrifugal fire pump is a type of fire protection pump characterized by its vertical shaft orientation, designed to deliver water at high pressure for firefighting applications. These pumps are particularly suitable for installations where space is limited or where the water source is located below the pump, such as in underground tanks.
How a Vertical Centrifugal Pump Operates
1. Water Enters (Suction Side): Water enters the pump through an inlet (suction) pipe, typically located at the bottom of the pump (especially in vertical pump designs). In vertical centrifugal pumps, this is often submerged in the fluid source.
2. Spinning Impeller: A rotating impeller, driven by a motor, spins rapidly. This impeller acts like a fan, using centrifugalforce to fling water outward from the center toward the edges of the impeller.
3. Energy Transfer (Pressure Increase): As the water is thrown outward, it gains kinetic energy and then passes into a volute or diffuser, where the high-speed flow is converted into pressure energy (increased pressure).
4. Water Exits (Discharge Side): The now pressurized water exits through the discharge pipe, usually heading upward and onward. From there, it is directed into the fire protection system, supplying water to sprinklers.
Advantages of Vertical Centrifugal Fire Pump
- Space Efficiency: The vertical design allows for installation in tight spaces, conserving valuable floor area.
- Effective Suction: Capable of drawing water from sources located below the pump, ensuring a reliable water supply during emergencies.
- Versatility: Suitable for various fire protection systems, including sprinkler, hydrant, and hose reel systems.
Applications
- High-rise buildings
- Industrial facilities
- Locations where the water source is situated below ground level
Application of Fire Pumps in Malaysian Fire Protection Systems
MS 1910:2017 outlines the requirements for the design, installation, and maintenance of automatic sprinkler systems in Malaysia. While the standard primarily focuses on sprinkler systems, it references MS 2616, which specifically addresses fire pumps. This linkage ensures that the fire pumps used in sprinkler systems meet the necessary performance and safety criteria. In Malaysia, the design, installation, and maintenance of fire protection systems, including the use of horizontal centrifugal pumps, are governed by standards such as:
- MS 1910:2017: This standard specifies requirements for fixed firefighting systems, particularly automatic sprinkler systems. It outlines the design, installation, and maintenance protocols to ensure effective fire suppression.
- MS 2616:2015: This standard focuses on fire pumps used in fixed firefighting systems. It details the performance requirements, testing methods, and compliance criteria for fire pumps, ensuring they deliver the necessary flow and pressure during emergencies.
Components of Fire Pump
Components of fire pump systems in Malaysia typically include the jockey pump, duty pump, standby pump, and pump panel. In addition to these, other essential components are incorporated to ensure the system's effectiveness and compliance with local standards.
| Aspect | Jockey Pump | Duty Pump (Main Pump) | Standby Pump | Pump Panel |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Function | Maintains pressure in the system under normal conditions | Provides required flow and pressure during a fire | Backup pump that activates if duty pump fails | Controls operation of all pumps, monitors system status and alarms |
| Operation | Frequent (automatic) | Fire condition only (automatic or manual) | Fire condition only (automatic) | Continuous (active monitoring) |
| Power Source | Typically electric | Usually electric | Electric or diesel (diesel often preferred for backup) | Electric |
| Size/Capacity | Small | Large | Same as duty pump | Varies (based on system complexity) |
| Standard Reference | MS 1910, NFPA 20 | MS 1210, MS 1910, NFPA 20 | MS 1210, MS 1910, NFPA 20 | MS 1910, BOMBA guidelines |
| Flow Rate | Low (small flow, e.g., 1–3 m³/hr) | High (based on fire system demand) | Same as duty pump | N/A |
| Testing Requirement | Monthly test run; check pressure switch and auto-start | Weekly churn test, monthly and annual flow test | Same as duty pump: weekly churn test, annual full flow test | Visual checks; verify alarm, control functions, and auto/manual modes |
| Pump Type | Centrifugal (small) | Horizontal or vertical centrifugal pump | Same type and size as duty pump | Electrical panel with controller and indicators |
| Installation Location | Fire pump room | Fire pump room | Fire pump room | Mounted on wall inside fire pump room |
Where Are These Used?
These components are typically installed in:
- High-rise buildings
- Commercial complexes
- Hospitals
- Industrial plants
- Any structure falling under BOMBA’s fire safety thresholds (height, floor area, or occupancy)
Short Summary
- Function: Fire pumps boost water pressure to ensure effective operation of sprinkler systems during a fire.
- Components: Typical setups include a duty pump, standby pump, and jockey pump, each serving specific roles in maintaining system readiness and performance.
- Standards: Adherence to MS 1910:2017 and MS 2616:2015 is mandatory for compliance and safety assurance.
*Note: The Fire and Rescue Department of Malaysia (Bomba) often requires compliance with MS 1910 for buildings that fall under the Uniform Building By-Laws (UBBL).
Services We Offer
- Installation of Fire Protection Systems
- Maintenance and Servicing of Fire Protection Systems
- Wet Chemical System
- Fire Safety Talk Training
- Fire Safety Consultation
References
Horizontal Centrifugal Pumps: Principles & Applications. 11 July 2023, www.rotechpumps.com/what-is-a-horizontal-centrifugal-pump/.
“Horizontal Centrifugal Pump Structure Diagram - Shenlong APK.” Shenlong APK, 30 Nov. 2021, www.supplywaterpumps.com/knowledge/horizontal-centrifugal-pump-structure-diagram.html. Accessed 22 May 2025.
Wright, Craig. “Vertical Centrifugal Pumps: Types, Applications, and Maintenance - Your Guide.” DAE Pumps, 9 July 2024, www.daepumps.com/resources/vertical-centrifugal-pumps/#types-of-vertical-centrifugal-pumps. Accessed 15 May 2025.
